NEW YORK – The Marine veteran on trial for the subway chokehold death of Jordan Neely called an expert forensic pathologist to the witness stand Thursday, and he came to a dramatically different conclusion than the New York City Medical Examiner's Office.

"The chokehold did not cause the death," Dr. Satish Chundru testified.

Daniel Penny, 26, faces up to 15 years in prison if convicted on the top charge he faces, manslaughter, for the death of 30-year-old Neely.

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He was on his way to the gym after class at a New York college in May 2023, when Neely, a homeless man with schizophrenia and a drug habit, barged onto a subway car and shouted death threats.

Chundru, a former Miami-area medical examiner who now runs a private practice in Texas conducting autopsies in a half-dozen counties, said that he did not believe an air choke caused Neely's unconsciousness and, therefore, did not cause his death.

Chundru said he found the cause of death to be "the combined effects of sickle cell crisis, the schizophrenia, the struggle and restraint, and the synthetic marijuana."

Someone schizophrenic, high on K2 and involved in a struggle can die without a chokehold being involved at all, he said. Similarly, he said, if there were no health issues and the chokehold was the only factor, Neely would not have died.

"In your opinion, did Mr. Penny choke Mr. Neely to death in 2023?" defense lawyer Steven Raiser asked.

"No," Dr. Chundru replied, before the defense ended its questioning.

In cross-examination, Assistant Manhattan District Attorney Dafna Yoran grilled him on some of his past cases, asking about an incident that he ruled an asphyxiation – and a defense expert disputed his findings, pointing out there was cocaine in the victim's system. It happened in 2012 and he said he didn't remember it well.

Read Jordan Neely's autopsy:

She got Dr. Chundru to concede that video shows Penny's arm in a "blood choke" position and that brushing on Neely's body matched.

However, he said, "You can have a chokehold applied, leave with that kind of injury, and survive."

He compared Neely's death to another one Dr. Chundru worked on and he said the two weren't comparable.

"With the video, it gives us the evidence that a chokehold occurred but did not cause the death [of Neely]," he testified.

The judge dismissed jurors for the day shortly before 5 p.m.

Trial resumes Friday at 10 a.m., and Dr. Chundru is expected to return to the witness stand for more testimony.

With the defense expert on the stand, Dr. Cynthia Harris, who conducted the city's autopsy, looked on from the audience. She testified in the trial three days earlier.

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Harris found it was the chokehold that killed Neely, not the synthetic drugs in his system, his sickle cell genetic disorder or cardiac arrest.

"This is a very complicated case," Chundru testified. "We have schizophrenia involved, sickle cell trait involved, a chokehold."

Additionally, Neely had K2, a form of synthetic marijuana that experts testified is more like cocaine, in his toxicology report.

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Dr. Chundru said that asphyxiation death comes in two phases. In the first, the individual loses consciousness. In the second, sustained pressure leads to death.

"What’s also important is unconsciousness always proceeds death in a chokehold," he said.

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However, rendering someone unconscious does not mean they are always going to die, he said. When they are let go, they typically wake up, he said.

"In a sickle cell crisis, death is a lack of oxygen, so the same thing [in] an asphyxia death," he said.